found in the new force which he had discovered, that force which we today would call “the power of the press”. Aretino himself regarded it as the power of his pen. He himself did not realize the right Promethean fire with which he was playing. All he knew was that he had a tremendous instrument in his hands, and he employed it quite as unscrupulously as it, consistently, has been employed since his time. He was capable—see his Letters —of being quite as hypocritical as the press of today. Putnam goes on (p. 41) to mention that Aretino was “perhaps the greatest blackmailer in all history, the first truly modern exponent of the ‘poison pen’.” That is to say, Aretino really regarded the printing press as a public confessional with himself as Father Confessor, pen or microphone in hand.